Clinical utility of sperm DNA fragmentation testing: article overview

Cells and their component parts are under continuous attack from various exogenous and endogenous sources all of which can potentially modify the delicate relationships between tissue and organ structure and function. While Muller (1) was one of the first to demonstrate this association at the sub-cellular level by showing how “mutations” may arise from phenotypic changes in the chromosomes of wild type phenotypes of Drosophila (the fruit fly) after irradiation, it wasn’t until 1953 and the discovery of the double helix by Watson and Crick that we have been able to better understand this issue.