%0 Journal Article %T Enhancing response to immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma by targeted inhibition of the histone methyltransferase G9a pathway %A Zhu, Denzel %A Barry, Emily %A Sankin, Alexander I. %J Translational Andrology and Urology %D 2019 %B 2019 %9 %! Enhancing response to immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma by targeted inhibition of the histone methyltransferase G9a pathway %K %X Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fourth most common malignancy among men, and is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in the US (1). Once muscle-invasive, the treatment options for BCa are limited, and include radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy or organ sparing chemoradiotherapy (2). In 2016, the treatment of metastatic BCa (mBCa) was revolutionized by results of a phase II trial of immune checkpoint programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor atezolizumab in 311 patients with mBCa who progressed after chemotherapy (3,4). The trial found a response rate of 15% in patients receiving 1,200 mg atezolizumab for 3 weeks, which was a significant improvement over systemic chemotherapy historical controls, which had a response rate of 10% (2). Several additional trials of other inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in mBCa, such as pembrolizumab (5), nivolumab (6), durvalumab (7), and avelumab (8), also found sustained response in mBCa patients. %U https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/30380 %P S469-S471 %@ 2223-4691