Frailty and sarcopenia impact surgical and oncologic outcomes after radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer

Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion are the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive and recurrent, high-grade bladder cancer. Patient outcomes are based on surgical technique (1), the nature/biology of the disease, and patient-specific factors, such as age and co-morbidity status. When assessing the early and long-term complications of cystectomy and urinary diversion (2), it is not only imperative to investigate the biology of the cancer, i.e., grade/stage, presence of hydronephrosis, etc., but also decipher patient-related factors such as frailty and, even more concrete, sarcopenia.