Prostate cancer screening and active surveillance in the Western world

Prostate cancer screening and active surveillance are two topics within the eld of prostate cancer research that have evolved from virtually non-existing in the 70s of the last century to now being in the centre of research. While it has been shown that PSA based screening can save lives, it is clear that a screening algorithm on the basis of PSA and random systematic prostate biopsy is not the way to go.